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August 1997

RAID-Related Terms


From the August 1997 Edition
of Windows IT Pro
Joel Sloss
Lab Feature
InstantDoc #221
Windows IT Pro
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Main Article    RAID: Enhanced Disk Storage for Windows NT

RAID depends on several technologies to make it work, including SCSI controllers and wiring schemes that RAID and SCSI controllers use. Here are definitions of these technologies. For more information about SCSI technology, see Sean Daily, "SCSI and IDE," June 1997.

SCSI Standards

SCSI-1 The original SCSI standard, offering synchronous (5MBps) and asynchronous (3MBps) modes. Supports single-ended configurations, with passive and active termination.
SCSI-2 The second standard, and the most common today. You can mix SCSI-1 and -2 devices on one SCSI-2 bus because it's backward-compatible to SCSI-1. SCSI-2 offers much higher burst and sustained transfer rates (although the standard is only 5MBps), with a clock speed of 20MHz.
Fast SCSI-2 Runs at 10MBps.
Wide SCSI-2 Runs at 10MBps but extends the data path to 16 or 32 bits.
Fast and Wide SCSI-2 Runs at 20MBps over a 16-bit data path.
SCSI-3 Also known as Ultra SCSI (or Fast 20). It is fully backward-compatible to SCSI-2 and uses 4-bit (deep) addressing. This new standard extends performance to 40MBps.
Fast SCSI-3 Runs at 20MBps; cable length limits are the same as SCSI-2,
unless you have differential wiring.
Wide SCSI-3 Runs at 40MBps. SCSI-3 is by nature "fast"; doublewide uses 32 bits instead of 16.
SCSI-4 Also known as Ultra 2. It is a 64-bit standard designed for 64-bit PCI and runs at 80MBps with a clock speed of 40MHz.
Deep SCSI Uses 4 bits instead of 3 to identify devices on the bus, allowing for up to 15 total devices on a channel.
Single-ended wiring Cable wiring scheme that is more prone to noise because all signal lines use a common ground. It has a 6-meter cable length limit.
Differential wiring Wiring scheme that uses signal/ground wire pairs, which reduces noise and allows for up to 25-meter cables. The two versions of differential are low-voltage (LVDS) and high-voltage (HVDS). The one you choose depends on the cable length you want, data speeds, and other factors­HVDS is for SCSI-4. You cannot mix single-ended and differential devices on the same bus.

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